For Al2O3, a ring pattern was formed at low concentration and small particle size.
A uniform pattern was formed at high concentration and larger particle size.
The width of the ring-shaped pattern was larger with the small particle size.
The substrate material with a higher contact angle of water showed a greater width.
21 nm TiO2 nanofluid formed a greater width than that of 20 nm Al2O3 nanofluid.