Thin copper phosphide films as conversion anode for lithium-ion battery applications

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• 作者：M.S. Chandrasekar ; Sagar Mitra ; ^{sagar.mitra@iitb.ac.in}
• 关键词：Copper phosphide ; Conversion reaction ; Electrochemical and solid state methods ; Energy storage anode material ; Lithium-ion Battery
• 刊名：Electrochimica Acta
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：1 March, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：92
• 期：Complete
• 页码：47-54
• 全文大小：1625 K

文摘

Air stable copper phosphide of thicknesses (0.2, 0.4 ¦Ìm) was synthesized over copper plates (of 10 mm diameter) by hybrid electrochemical deposition and low temperature solid-state reaction. Stoichiometric amount of red phosphorus (P) were sprayed over electrodeposited copper and followed by annealing at 250 ¡ãC under inert gas atmosphere for different durations (5 h, 7 h and 12 h). During this process, phosphorus particles diffuse by excavating into the copper deposits, producing holes, where the Cu₃P crystallites nucleate and lead to conglomeration of several agglomerates and hence resulted in non-homogeneous morphology. A small extend of Cu₃P oxidation occurs over the film's top surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that the layer to be pure Cu₃P. Scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) reveals a porous microstructure consisting of agglomerated particles with ¡«10 ¦Ìm size. The as-prepared carbon-free Cu₃P electrodes exhibited significantly improved capacity retention and rate capability characteristics over 40 cycles when electrochemically tested against lithium at constant 20 ¦ÌA/cm² rendering it as possible negative electrode for high energy density lithium-ion battery (LiB) applications.