Primary kimberlite mineralogy at Brauna comprises olivine, spinel, ilmenite, phlogopite, perovskite, apatite, as well as late-stage serpentine and carbonate. Furthermore, abundant olivine, Cr-diopside, and pyrope garnet xenocrysts are present. The most common xenoliths are wall-rock granodiorites, mantle eclogites and peridotites. The Brauna kimberlites do not fit into the classic subdivision of kimberlites and orangeites (formerly Group-II kimberlites) based on South African type occurrences. Their geochemical and isotopic signatures, with negative initial ¦ÅNd values of ? 5.8 to ? 8.1 and variably enriched 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7045-0.7063), suggest that Brauna kimberlite magmas were derived from a mantle source region that was strongly metasomatized prior to kimberlite magmatism at ~ 642 Ma. In particular, the incompatible element distribution suggests that Brauna kimberlite magmas originate from the metasomatized base of the S?o Francisco craton, with only minor input from the convecting upper mantle. The Brauna kimberlites mineralogically and geochemically resemble the slightly older ¡°anomalous¡± mica kimberlites from Guaniamo in Venezuela (712 ¡À 6 Ma). This may suggest that both mica-rich kimberlite occurrences formed from similarly enriched subcratonic mantle lithosphere during Late Neoproterozoic extensional tectonics related to the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia.