Critical evaluation of the determination of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, phenolic endocrine disrupters and faecal steroids by GC/MS and PTV-GC/MS in environmental waters

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• 作者：Carlos Guitart ; James W. Readman
• 关键词：Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products ; Endocrine disrupting chemicals ; Molecular organic markers ; Sewage ; Transitional waters
• 刊名：Analytica Chimica Acta
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：18 January 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：658
• 期：1
• 页码：32-40
• 全文大小：1141 K

文摘

An analytical method is described for the determination of a broad range of emerging and priority pollutants, together with sewage molecular markers in environmental waters. The step-by-step study of the GC/MS analyses focuses on the effects of experimental variables using a large volume injection (LVI) technique [a programmed temperature-vaporising (PTV) inlet], the evaluation of a clean-up step using classical and newer sorbents (i.e. Al–N, Fl, NH₂, PSA, Si, CN and DIOL), and the revision of how organic matter [i.e. humic acids (HA) content] affects method performance. Reproducibility and recoveries from spiked coastal water samples at different analyte concentrations (100, 250 and 500 ng L⁻¹) as well as with different levels of spiked humic acids (2, 10 and 20 mg L⁻¹) are reported indicating a good performance of the extraction procedure with low levels of HA (<10 mg L⁻¹). The presence of HA is a critical parameter during the solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures. Of the clean-up sorbents tested, CN and DIOL proved most efficient in cleaning-up the extracts with recoveries in the range of 66–77 % and 100–114 % , respectively for the selected analytes. Both GC/MS and PTV-GC/MS instrumental configurations were tested using final sewage effluents, riverine, estuarine and coastal water samples. However, limited applicability of the PTV inlet is reported for environmental applications, affording only a modest improvement in chromatographic signal-to-noise ratios.