Precise and robust methods to discriminate Fasciola spp. have been required.
PCR–RFLP and multiplex PCR were successfully developed by using single copy genes.
Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, and aspermic Fasciola flukes were distinguished.
Aspermic flukes had a mixed fragment pattern of F. hepatica and F. gigantica.
Aspermic flukes were revealed as descendants of interspecific hybridization.