Anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon citratus leaves infusion via proteasome and nuclear factor-¦ÊB pathway inhibition: Contribution of chlorogenic acid

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• 作者：Vera Francisco^a ; ^b ; Gustavo Costa^b ; ^c ; Artur Figueirinha^b ; ^d ; Carla Marques^e ; Paulo Pereira^e ; Bruno Miguel Neves^f ; Maria Celeste Lopes^a ; ^c ; Carmen Garcí ; a-Rodrí ; guez^g ; Maria Teresa Cruz^a ; ^c ; Maria Teresa Batista^b ; ^c ; ^{mtpmb@ff.uc.pt}
• 关键词：CGA ; chlorogenic acid ; Cy ; Cymbopogon citratus ; CCL5 ; chemokine (C&ndash ; C motif) ligand 5 ; FF ; flavonoid-rich fraction ; GAPDH ; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; HPLC ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; I¦ÊB ; inhibitory protein ¦ÊB ; IKK ; I¦ÊB
• 刊名：Journal of Ethnopharmacology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：21 June, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：148
• 期：1
• 页码：126-134
• 全文大小：1540 K

文摘

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf leaves infusion is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, however little is known about their bioactive compounds.

Aim of the study

Investigate the compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory potential of Cymbopogon citratus (Cy) on cytokines production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human and mouse macrophages, and the action mechanisms involved.

Materials and methods

An essential oil-free infusion of Cy was prepared and polyphenol-rich fractions (PFs) were obtained from it by column chromatography. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) was identified, by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSⁿ. The expression of cytokines, namely TNF-¦Á and CCL5, was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, on LPS-stimulated human macrophages. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-¦ÊB, a master regulator of inflammation, was investigated by western blot and gene reporter assay. Proteasome activity was assessed using a fluorogenic peptide.

Results

Cymbopogon citratus extract and its polyphenols inhibited the cytokine production on human macrophages. This supports the anti-inflammatory activity of Cy polyphenols in physiologically relevant cells. Concerning the effect on the activation of NF-¦ÊB pathway, the results pointed to an inhibition of LPS-induced NF-¦ÊB activation by Cy and PFs. CGA was identified, by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSⁿ, as the main phenolic acid of the Cy infusion, and it demonstrated to be, at least in part, responsible by that effect. Additionally, it was verified for the first time that Cy and PFs inhibited the proteasome activity, a complex that controls NF-¦ÊB activation, having CGA a strong contribution.

Conclusions

The results evidenced, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Cymbopogon citratus through proteasome inhibition and, consequently NF-¦ÊB pathway and cytokine expression. Additionally, Cy polyphenols, in particular chlorogenic acid, were highlighted as bioactive compounds.