Circulating follistatin displays a day-night rhythm and is associated with muscle mass and circulating leptin levels in healthy, young humans

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• 作者：Athanasios D. Anastasilakis^a ; ^{anastath@endo.gr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; ^{a.anastasilakis@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Stergios A. Polyzos^b ; Elpida C. Skouvaklidou^c ; Georgios Kynigopoulos^c ; Zacharias G. Saridakis^c ; Aggeliki Apostolou^d ; Georgios A. Triantafyllou^e ; Thomai Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi^d ; Christos S. Mantzoros^e
• 关键词：Circadian rhythm ; Fat mass ; Follistatin ; Lean body mass ; Leptin
• 刊名：Metabolism
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：65
• 期：10
• 页码：1459-1465
• 全文大小：506 K

文摘

Follistatin may affect lean and fat mass and be implicated in metabolic diseases. We aimed to elucidate physiological predictors of circulating follistatin variation in healthy young humans.

Procedures

This was an observational, cross-sectional study with two additional prospective observational arms (circadian, seasonal sub-studies) and one prospective interventional arm (mixed meal sub-study). Healthy, young individuals of both sexes (n = 122) were subjected to anthropometric and body composition measurements and their eating and exercise behavior profiles were assessed by validated questionnaires. Sub-groups were subjected to standardized meal ingestion (n = 36), day–night rhythm (n = 20) and seasonal variation (n = 20) studies. Main outcome of the study were circulating follistatin levels.

Results

At baseline follistatin levels were correlated with creatinine (r = 0.24; p = 0.01), creatine phosphokinase (r_s = 0.22; p = 0.02), and with lean body mass (r_s = 0.19; p = 0.04) and were higher in males than females (p = 0.004) after adjustment for leptin, which was its major predictor. Follistatin levels showed a circadian (p < 0.001), but not a seasonal, variation, and were also affected by the phase of menstrual cycle in females (p = 0.034). Follistatin levels were not affected by dietary or exercise habits but levels increased after a standardized meal ingestion (250 kcal) (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

In healthy young individuals circulating follistatin levels are correlated with muscle mass. Follistatin levels are associated with circulating leptin levels and display a day–night rhythm and a menstrual cycle, but not a seasonal, variation.