Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we developed a two-part spirometric definition of COPD in older persons, aged 65–80 years, that 1) determines a cut-point for the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) based on mortality risk; and 2) among persons below this critical FEV1/FVC threshold, determines cut-points for the FEV1, expressed as a standardized residual percentile (SR-tile) and based on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and mortality risk. Measurements included spirometry, health questionnaires, and mortality (National Death Index).
There were 2480 older participants with a mean age of 71.7 years; 1372 (55.4 % ) had a smoking history, 1097 (44.2 % ) had respiratory symptoms and, over the course of 12-years, 868 (35.0 % ) had died. Among participants with an FEV1/FVC < .70 and FEV1 < 5th SR-tile, representing 7.7 % of the cohort, the risk of death was doubled (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.01; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.60–2.54). Among participants with an FEV1/FVC < .70 and FEV1 < 10th SR-tile, representing 13.4 % of the cohort, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was elevated (adjusted odds ratio, 2.44; CI, 1.79–3.33).
In a large, nationally representative sample of community-living older persons, defining COPD based on an FEV1/FVC < .70, with FEV1 cut-points at the 10th and 5th SR-tiles, identifies individuals with an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and an increased risk of death, respectively.