Immunohistochemistry was used to map the induction of c-Fos protein in the forebrain of rats treated with heroin. Acute injection of heroin to drug-naive rats caused significant induction of c-Fos protein in the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas the same dose of heroin given to drug-sensitized rats significantly increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen. These results show that the heroin-induced pattern of c-Fos protein in the rat striatum differs according to the rats drug history. These findings may represent a neural correlate of the motor components of heroin sensitization.