- 作者：Miguel Angel Royo-Bordonada ; Jos¨¦ Mar¨ªa Lobos Bejarano ; Fern ; o Villar Alvarez ; Susana Sans ; Antonio P¨¦rez ; Juan Pedro-Botet ; Rosa Mar¨ªa Moreno Carriles ; Antonio Maiques ; ¨¢ngel Lizcano ; Vicenta Lizarbe ; Antonio Gil N¨²?ez ; Francisco Forn¨¦s Ubeda ; Roberto Elosua ; Ana de Santiago Nocito ; Carmen de Pablo Zarzosa ; Fern ; o de ¨¢lvaro Moreno ; Olga Cort¨¦s ; Alberto Cordero ; Miguel Camafort Babkowski ; Carlos Brotons Cuixart ; et al.
- 关键词：Prevenció ; n cardiovascular ; Riesgo cardiovascular ; Enfermedades cardiovasculares ; Guí ; as de prá ; ctica clí ; nica
- 刊名：Cl¨ªnica e Investigaci¨®n en Arteriosclerosis
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：July-August, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：25
- 期：3
- 页码：127-139
- 全文大小：1521 K
Based on the two main frameworks for evaluating scientific evidence (SEC and GRADE) European cardiovascular prevention guidelines recommend interventions across all life stages using a combination of population-based and high-risk strategies with diet as the cornerstone of prevention. The evaluation of cardiovascular risk (CVR) incorporates HDL levels and psychosocial factors, a very high risk category, and the concept of age-risk. They also recommend cognitive-behavioural methods (e.g., motivational interviewing, psychological interventions) led by health professionals and with the participation of the patient's family, to counterbalance psychosocial stress and reduce CVR through the institution of positive habits such as a healthy diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and adherence to treatment. Additionally, public health interventions ¡ª such as smoking ban in public areas or the elimination of trans fatty acids from the food chain ¡ª are also essential. Other innovations include abandoning antiplatelet therapy in primary prevention and the recommendation of maintaining blood pressure within the 130-139/80-85 mmHg range in diabetic patients and individuals with high CVR. Finally, due to the significant impact on patient progress and medical costs, special emphasis is given to the low therapeutic adherence levels observed. In sum, improving cardiovascular prevention requires a true partnership among the political class, public administrations, scientific and professional associations, health foundations, consumer associations, patients and their families. Such partnership would promote population-based and individual strategies by taking advantage of the broad spectrum of scientific evidence available, from clinical trials to observational studies and mathematical models to evaluate population-based interventions, including cost-effectiveness analyses.