In this paper, the high-order perturbation formulas of spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (
g factors
g![]()
,
g![]()
and zero-field splitting
D), including both the crystal-field (CF) and for the first time charge-transfer (CT) mechanisms, are established for 3d
8 ions in trigonal octahedral clusters. By using these formulas, the SH parameters of Ni
2+ ions in CsMgX
3 (X=Cl, Br, I) crystals are calculated. The results are consistent with the experimental values. The calculations suggest that the sign of
QCT (
Q=Δ
g![]()
, Δ
g![]()
or
D, where the
g-shift Δ
gi=
gi−
ge,
ge≈2.0023 is the value of free-electron) due to CT mechanism is the same as that of the corresponding
QCF due to CF mechanism, and the relative importance of CT mechanism (characterized by
QCT/QCF) increases with the increasing atomic number of ligand X. So, for the 3d
n ML
m clusters with ligand having large atomic number, the reasonable theoretical explanations of all SH parameters should take both CF and CT mechanisms into account. The defect structure of (NiX
6)
4− impurity centers in CsMgX
3:Ni
2+ crystals is also considered in our model.