Atmospheric fate of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs): II. Emission source strength in summer in Zurich, Switzerland
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- 作者：Zhanyun Wang ; Martin Scheringer ; Matthew MacLeod ; Christian Bogdal ; Claudia E. M¨¹ller ; Andreas C. Gerecke ; Konrad Hungerb¨¹hler
- 关键词：Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) ; Perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) ; Emission source strength ; Nocturnal boundary layer ; Diel pattern
- 刊名：Environmental Pollution
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：October, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：169
- 期：Complete
- 页码：204-209
- 全文大小：580 K
文摘
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) are present in consumer products and are semi-volatile precursors of persistent perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). The high variability of levels of FTOHs and FOSAs in products makes it difficult to derive FTOH- and FOSA-emissions from urban areas based on emission factors. Here we used a multimedia mass balance model that describes the day-night cycle of semi-volatile organic chemicals in air to interpret measurements of 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH, MeFOSA and EtFOSA from a sampling campaign in summer 2010 in Zurich, Switzerland. The estimated emission source strength of the four substances follows the sequence: 8:2 FTOH (2.6?g/h)?>?10:2 FTOH (0.75?g/h)?>?MeFOSA (0.08?g/h)?>?EtFOSA (0.05?g/h). There is no FTOHs- or FOSAs-related industry in Zurich. Accordingly, our estimates are representative of diffusive emissions during use and disposal of consumer products, and describe noticeable sources of these PFASs to the environment.