We examined the effects of single or repeated stress on the expression of mRNA for α1-adrenoceptors in the rat hypothalamus and midbrain using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Single stress significantly increased the mRNA level for α1-adrenoceptors in the midbrain, but had no effect on mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Repeated stress significantly decreased mRNA levels for α1-adrenoceptors in both regions.