- 作者：Helena Gylling ; Jogchum Plat ; Stephen Turley ; Henry N. Ginsberg ; Lars Elleg氓rd ; Wendy Jessup ; Peter J. Jones ; Dieter L眉tjohann ; Winfried Maerz ; Luis Masana ; G眉nther Silbernagel ; Bart Staels ; Jan Bor茅n ; Alberico L. Catapano ; Guy De Backer ; John Deanfield ; Olivier S. Descamps ; Petri T. Kovanen ; Gabriele Riccardi ; Lale Tokg枚zoglu ; M. John Chapman ; et al.
- 关键词：Hypercholesterolaemia ; Phytosterols ; Intestinal cholesterol absorption ; Cardiovascular risk ; Safety ; Functional foods with added plant sterols and plant stanols
- 刊名：Atherosclerosis
- 出版年：February, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：232
- 期：2
- 页码：346-360
- 全文大小：1240 K
Objective
This EAS Consensus Panel critically appraised evidence relevant to the benefit to risk relationship of functional foods with added plant sterols and/or plant stanols, as components of a healthy lifestyle, to reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and thereby lower cardiovascular risk.Methods and results
Plant sterols/stanols (when taken at 2聽g/day) cause significant inhibition of cholesterol absorption and lower LDL-C levels by between 8 and 10%. The relative proportions of cholesterol versus sterol/stanol levels are similar in both plasma and tissue, with levels of sterols/stanols being 500-/10,000-fold lower than those of cholesterol, suggesting they are handled similarly to cholesterol in most cells. Despite possible atherogenicity of marked elevations in circulating levels of plant sterols/stanols, protective effects have been observed in some animal models of atherosclerosis. Higher plasma levels of plant sterols/stanols associated with intakes of 2聽g/day in man have not been linked to adverse effects on health in long-term human studies. Importantly, at this dose, plant sterol/stanol-mediated LDL-C lowering is additive to that of statins in dyslipidaemic subjects, equivalent to doubling the dose of statin. The reported 6-9% lowering of plasma triglyceride by 2聽g/day in hypertriglyceridaemic patients warrants further evaluation.
Conclusion
Based on LDL-C lowering and the absence of adverse signals, this EAS Consensus Panel concludes that functional foods with plant sterols/stanols may be considered 1) in individuals with high cholesterol levels at intermediate or low global cardiovascular risk who do not qualify for pharmacotherapy, 2) as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy in high and very high risk patients who fail to achieve LDL-C targets on statins or are statin- intolerant, 3) and in adults and children (>6 years) with familial hypercholesterolaemia, in line with current guidance. However, it must be acknowledged that there are no randomised, controlled clinical trial data with hard end-points to establish clinical benefit from the use of plant sterols or plant stanols.