We reconstructed past environments in Picos de Europa since the Last Glaciation.
The maximum expansion of glaciers occurred at a minimum age of 37.2 ka cal BP.
Four glacial stages: maximum advance, second maximum advance, Late Glacial and LIA.
These stages were parallel to environmental changes (periglacial, lake, peatland).
Fire activity started at 4.9 ka cal BP, onset of human impact in the high lands.