Is diel activity determined by social rank in a drift-feeding stream fish dominance hierarchy?
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Bruno O. David ; Gerard P. Closs ; Shannan K. Crow ; Eric A. Hansen
- 关键词：feeding ; diel activity ; dominance hierarchy ; Galaxias argenteus ; galaxiids ; giant kokopu ; temporal segregation ; territory
- 刊名：Animal Behaviour
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：August 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：74
- 期：2
- 页码：259-263
- 全文大小：160 K
文摘
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been implicated in vascular inflammation through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory genes. Among the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 induced by Ang II acts as a central mediator of the inflammatory responses. In the present study, we found that the water extract of ZoaGumHwan (ZGH), a Korean herbal remedy, dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced U937 monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in HUVECs and C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) in U937 cells. In addition, ZGH water extract inhibited Ang II-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine, a major component of Coptis chinensis Franch, also showed similar effects on ROS production and MCP-1 expression induced by Ang II. These results suggest that Korean herbal remedy, ZGH, effectively protects against Ang II-induced endothelial inflammation.