- 作者：Tim A. Bruckner ; Ph.D.a ; tim.bruckner@uci.edu" class="auth_mail ; Thurston Domina ; Ph.D.b ; Jin Kyoung Hwang ; Ed.M.b ; Julie Gerlinger ; M.A.c ; Christopher Carpenter ; Ph.D.d ; Sara Wakefield ; Ph.D.e
- 关键词：Alcohol ; Illicit drugs ; School-based education ; State standards ; Tobacco
- 刊名：Journal of Adolescent Health
- 出版年：April, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：54
- 期：4
- 页码：467-473
- 全文大小：747 K
Purpose
Three fourths of public schools in the United States maintain instructional programs to discourage alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use. State-sanctioned instructional standards attempt to direct this ATOD preventive education. No existing research, however, systematically codes these standards across all grades and states. We performed such an analysis.Methods
We retrieved ATOD standards information from all 50 states and the District of Columbia from multiple sources, including the National Association of State Boards of Education's State School Health Policy Web site. Three independent researchers classified and cross-validated ATOD standards (inter-rater agreement聽= 98%) based on recommended content domains and pedagogic delivery methods.
Results
We find substantial grade-level variation in standards. Elementary schools emphasize generic social skills and affective skills, whereas middle and high school standards focus on knowledge about biological and behavioral consequences of ATOD use. States also vary widely in their content and coverage of standards. Two thirds of states do not include standards in all content areas considered 鈥渆vidence-based.鈥?h4 class="h4">Conclusions
The ATOD curricular agenda for the majority of states falls well below recommended content and delivery benchmarks. We intend for our harmonized data set鈥攖he first of its kind鈥攖o promote research that examines the relation among state ATOD standards, actual classroom instruction, and adolescent ATOD use.