Production of Spherical Ablations Using Nonthermal Irreversible Electroporation: A Laboratory Investigation Using a Single Electrode and Grounding Pad

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• 作者：Michael B. Sano ; PhD^a ; ¹ ; ^{mikesano@stanford.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Richard E. Fan ; PhD^b ; Gloria L. Hwang ; MD^c ; Geoffrey A. Sonn ; MD^b ; Lei Xing ; PhD^a
• 关键词：IRE ; ireversible electroporation ; P+GP ; single electrode configured with a grounding pad ; 2EP ; single probe with two collinear electrodes
• 刊名：Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：September 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：27
• 期：9
• 页码：1432-1440.e3
• 全文大小：4543 K

文摘

To mathematically model and test ex vivo a modified technique of irreversible electroporation (IRE) to produce large spherical ablations by using a single probe.

Materials and Methods

Computed simulations were performed by using varying voltages, electrode exposure lengths, and tissue types. A vegetable (potato) tissue model was then used to compare ablations created by conventional and high-frequency IRE protocols by using 2 probe configurations: a single probe with two collinear electrodes (2EP) or a single electrode configured with a grounding pad (P+GP). The new P+GP electrode configuration was evaluated in ex vivo liver tissue.

Results

The P+GP configuration produced more spherical ablation volumes than the 2EP configuration in computed simulations and tissue models. In prostate tissue, computed simulations predicted ablation volumes at 3,000 V of 1.6 cm³ for the P+GP configurations, compared with 0.94 cm³ for the 2EP configuration; in liver tissue, the predicted ablation volumes were 4.7 times larger than those in the prostate. Vegetable model studies verify that the P+GP configuration produces larger and more spherical ablations than those produced by the 2EP. High-frequency IRE treatment of ex vivo liver with the P+GP configuration created a 2.84 × 2.21-cm ablation zone.

Conclusions

Computer modeling showed that P+GP configuration for IRE procedures yields ablations that are larger than the 2EP configuration, creating substantial ablation zones with a single electrode placement. When tested in tissue models and an ex vivo liver model, the P+GP configuration created ablation zones that appear to be of clinically relevant size and shape.