Soil contamination by brominated flame retardants in open waste dumping sites in Asian developing countries

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• 作者：Akifimi Eguchi^a ; Tomohiko Isobe^a ; ^b ; Karri Ramu^a ; Nguyen Minh Tue^a ; Agus Sudaryanto^a ; ^c ; Gnanasekaran Devanathan^a ; Pham Hung Viet^d ; Rouch Seang Tana^e ; Shin Takahashi^a ; Annamalai Subramanian^a ; Shinsuke Tanabe^a ; ^{shinsuke@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp}
• 关键词：Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ; Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) ; Municipal waste dumping sites ; Soil ; Asian developing countries
• 刊名：Chemosphere
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：March, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：90
• 期：9
• 页码：2365-2371
• 全文大小：278 K

文摘

In Asian developing countries, large amounts of municipal wastes are dumped into open dumping sites each day without adequate management. This practice may cause several adverse environmental consequences and increase health risks to local communities. These dumping sites are contaminated with many chemicals including brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs).

BFRs may be released into the environment through production processes and through the disposal of plastics and electronic wastes that contain them.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the status of BFR pollution in municipal waste dumping sites in Asian developing countries. Soil samples were collected from six open waste dumping sites and five reference sites in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam from 1999 to 2007. The results suggest that PBDEs are the dominant contaminants in the dumping sites in Asian developing countries, whereas HBCD contamination remains low. Concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDs ranged from ND to 180 ¦Ìg/kg dry wt and ND to 1.4 ¦Ìg/kg dry wt, respectively, in the reference sites and from 0.20 to 430 ¦Ìg/kg dry wt and ND to 2.5 ¦Ìg/kg dry wt, respectively, in the dumping sites. Contamination levels of PBDEs in Asian municipal dumping sites were comparable with those reported from electronic waste dismantling areas in Pearl River delta, China.