Upconversion quantum yield for 尾-NaYF4 and Gd2O2S was investigated as a function of the Er3+ doping, the bandwidth of the excitation and the irradiance.
The best upconversion quantum yield of 15.1% for an irradiance of only 4070 W/m2 was measured for Gd2O2S: 10% Er3+.
A comparison of internal and external UCQY is conducted.
External UCQY is more important for most applications, such as harvesting solar energy.
尾-NaYF4 doped with Er3+ is superior with increasing irradiance and for broad-band excitation, which is more relevant for photovoltaics.