Copper demand, supply, and associated energy use to 2050
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- 作者：Ayman Elshkaki ; ayman.elshkaki@yale.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; elshkaki@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; T.E. Graedel ; Luca Ciacci ; Barbara K. Reck
- 关键词：Copper ; Resources ; Energy ; Scenario analysis ; Dynamic modelling
- 刊名：Global Environmental Change
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：July 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：39
- 期：Complete
- 页码：305-315
- 全文大小：2117 K
文摘
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Four scenarios for copper demand and supply, and the energy required for copper production have been developed.
The cumulative demand for copper is expected to exceed its Reserves and Reserve Base in most scenarios by 2050.
The supply of metals co-mined with copper will decrease unless their extraction efficiencies from copper ore are substantially increased.
Most of the copper producing countries will not be able to sustain their production until 2050.
The energy required to produce copper is expected to constitute between 1.0 and 2.4% of the total energy demand by 2050.