Applying the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem.
Modeling the valve-point loading effect and transmission losses in the CHPED problem.
Verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method on different case studies.
Comparing the results of GSA-based CHPED problem with various heuristic algorithms such as GA, HS, EDHS, CPSO, and TVAC-PSO.