PCA, EF and Pb isotopes are used in metal contamination and/or source identification.
Metal eco-risks are revealed by combining the risk index (RI and Er), SQGs and EF indices.
EFs provide valuable supplementary data to nonindigenous SQGs in eco-risk assessment.
As, Cd and Hg are the most concerning metals regarding contamination and eco-risk levels.
Anthropogenic metals were from atmospheric, industrial, and agricultural sources.