Novel heterogeneous molybdenum catalysts were successfully synthesized using sea urchin-like polyaniline (PANI) hollow microspheres constructed with their own oriented nanofibers arrays as support. This catalyst was successfully applied for efficient epoxidation of olefins using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant. The catalytic activity of the PANI microspheres-supported catalysts (95 % conversion) was found to be higher than that observed for its corresponding homogenous catalyst (85 % conversion) and the conventional PANI-supported catalyst (65 % conversion). The immobilized catalyst showed a stable catalytic activity in manifold reuses. It was found that the special micro/nanoscale spherical morphology plays an important role for the enhancement of activities of the polymer-supported heterogeneous catalyst.