Plasma CEs fatty acid composition was analyzed in 3 groups: patients with a NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≤ 4 (n = 31) or NAS ≥ 5 (n = 32) and normal controls (n = 25). The estimated desaturase activities were calculated using ratios of 16:1n−7/16:0 (D9-16D), 18:1n−9/18:0 (D9-18D), 18:3n−6/18:2n−6 (D6D) and 20:4n−6/20:3n−6 (D5D).
Compared with controls, the levels of palmitate, palmitoleate, γ-linoleate, D9-16D and D6D were significantly increased, whereas levels of linoleate and D5D were significantly decreased. Patients with NAS ≥ 5 had significantly higher palmitate levels than patients with NAS ≤ 4. The levels of these fatty acids, especially palmitate and palmitoleate, correlated with NAFLD-related lipid, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters. Long-term therapy with ezetimibe caused significant improvements in the levels of these fatty acids, estimated desaturase activity index and NAFLD-related parameters.
Our results suggest that fatty acids and desaturase activity associate with the development and progression of NAFLD, and that ezetimibe may be a novel treatment for this disorder.