We report 3 cases showing regrowth of AVMs on postoperative angiogram performed 3 months after surgery. We also analyzed the protein levels of various factors that may influence AVM regrowth. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the protein levels of the following factors: CD31 (PECAM), CD34, and CD105 (endoglin), which are endothelial or endothelial progenitor markers; VEGF, a growth factor that may influence AVM regrowth; and PCNA, a marker of proliferating cells. In addition, we analyzed the level of pERK.
We report 3 cases of early regrowth of cerebral AVMs. In recurrent AVM samples obtained at second operations, increased levels of perivascular CD105 and pERK immunoreactivity were seen.