B content and Si/C ratios from cultured diatoms (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira weissflogii): Relationship to seawater pH and diatom carbon acquisition

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Luz Mar铆a Mej铆a ; Kirsten Isensee ; Ana M茅ndez-Vicente ; Jorge Pisonero ; Nobumichi Shimizu ; Cristina Gonz谩lez ; Brian Monteleone ; Heather Stoll
• 关键词：SDV ; silicon deposition vesicle ; STV ; silicon transport vesicle ; LA-ICPMS ; laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry ; SIMS/Ion probe ; secondary ion mass spectrometry ; CCM ; carbon concentration mechanisms ; CCF ; carbon concentration factor
• 刊名：Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 出版年：15 December, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：123
• 期：Complete
• 页码：322-337
• 全文大小：573 K

文摘

Despite the importance of diatoms in regulating climate and the existence of large opal-containing sediments in key air-ocean exchange areas, most geochemical proxy records are based on carbonates. Among them, Boron (B) content and isotopic composition have been widely used to reconstruct pH from foraminifera and coral fossils. We assessed the possibility of a pH/CO₂ seawater concentration control on B content in diatom opal to determine whether or not frustule B concentrations could be used as a pH proxy or to clarify algae physiological responses to acidifying pH. We cultured two well-studied diatom species, m>Thalassiosira pseudonanam> and m>Thalassiosira weissflogiim> at varying pH conditions and determined Si and C quotas. Frustule B content was measured by both laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS/ion probe). For both species, frustules grown at higher pH have higher B contents and higher Si requirements per fixed C. If this trend is representative of diatom silicification in a future more acidic ocean, it could contribute to changes in the efficiency of diatom ballasting and C export, as well as changes in the contribution of diatoms relative to other phytoplankton groups in Si-limited regions. If B enters the cell through the same transporter employed for HCO₃^{鈭?/sup> uptake, an increased HCO₃鈭?/sup> requirement with decreasing CO₂ concentrations (higher pH), and higher B(OH)₄/HCO₃鈭?/sup> ratios would explain the observed increase in frustule B content with increasing pH. The mechanism of B transport from the site of uptake to the site of silica deposition is unknown, but may occur via silicon transport vesicles, in which B(OH)₄鈭?/sup> may be imported for B detoxification and/or as part of a pH regulation strategy either though Na-dependent B(OH)₄鈭?/sup>/Cl鈭?/sup> antiport or B(OH)₄鈭?/sup>/H+ antiport. B deposition in the silica matrix may occur via substitution of a B(OH)₄鈭?/sup> for a negatively charged SiO鈭?/sup> formed during silicification. With the current analytical precision, B content of frustules is unlikely to resolve ocean pH with a precision of paleoceanographic interest. However, if frustule B content was controlled mainly by HCO₃鈭?/sup> uptake for photosynthesis, which appears to show a threshold behavior, then measurements of B content might reveal the varying importance of active HCO₃鈭?/sup> acquisition mechanisms of diatoms in the past.}