The dehydrogenation of primary alcohol to ester catalyzed by the ruthenium(II)-PNN pincer complex has been studied.
The catalytic cycle includes three stages.
Two dehydrogenation reactions occur via the β-H elimination mechanism rather than the BDHT mechanism.
At the second stage, the coupling reaction requires alcohol or the ruthenium catalyst as mediator.
The formation of hemiacetal through the alcohol-mediated pathway is kinetically favorable.