High nature value (HNV) farming systems have become a focus for nature conservation and countryside management.

High labour costs and low economic returns are forcing the simplification and specialisation of HNV pastoralist systems.

The European multiuse model of agriculture has not been successful in targeting and rewarding HNV farming systems.

We propose a clearer focus on farming systems in the delivery of ecosystem services.

HNV farming systems need to be more closely integrated within the wider rural economy.