Directionally solidified grains and lamellar laths are both refined significantly by erbium additive in TiAl alloy.
Oxygen dissolved in the TiAl matrix decreased from 940 ppm to 560 ppm by internally oxidizing of erbium.
Less oxygen results in lower stacking fault energy of h.c.p. phase (α) and promotes thin γ laths.
Work hardening capacity is improved with 0.2 at.% erbium additive at strain rate of 10− 1–10− 3 s− 1.