- 作者：Chia-Chang Wu ; Mei-Chieh Chen ; Yung-Kai Huang ; Chao-Yuan Huang ; Li-An Lai ; Chi-Jung Chung ; Horng-Sheng Shiue ; Yeong-Shiau Pu ; Ying-Chin Lin ; Bor-Cheng Han ; Yuan-Hung Wang ; Yu-Mei Hsueh
- 关键词：arsenic methylation capacity ; cigarette smoking ; environmental tobacco smoke ; urothelial carcinoma
- 刊名：Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：September, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：112
- 期：9
- 页码：554-560
- 全文大小：435 K
Background/Purpose
Cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and arsenic exposure are well known risk factors for developing urothelial carcinoma (UC). We investigated the combined effects of cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and the presence of urinary total arsenic on the risk of developing UC.Methods
We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study involving 261?UC patients and 672 cancer-free control individuals between September 2002 and May 2009.
Results
Individuals who had smoked <100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smokers) and had a high urinary total arsenic level (¡Ý15.40?¦Ìg/g creatinine), and those who had smoked >100 cigarettes in their lifetime (ever smokers) and had a high urinary total arsenic level, had increased risks of developing UC (3.20-fold and 6.45-fold greater), respectively, compared to individuals who were never smokers and had a low urinary total arsenic level. Individuals who had high urinary total arsenic levels and had been exposed to secondhand smoke, and individuals with high urinary arsenic levels who had not been exposed to secondhand smoke, had increased chances (2.71-fold and 5.00-fold greater, respectively) of developing UC, compared to individuals who were not exposed to secondhand smoke and had low urinary total arsenic levels. Ever smokers who had been exposed to secondhand smoke and had a high urinary total arsenic level had the greatest increased risk for developing UC (10.82-fold greater).
Conclusion
Individuals in a Taiwanese population who smoked cigarettes, were exposed to secondhand smoke, and a high urinary total arsenic level, had a significant risk for developing UC.