Injection an
d storage of 4 million metric tons of CO
2 have been monitore
d to observe multiphase flui
d flow, to test technologies, to
document permanence of storage, an
d to a
dvance techniques for capacity estimation. The injection interval is the 3000-m-
deep fluvial Tuscaloosa Formation at a structural closure that
defines the Cranfiel
d oilfiel
d. Tests were con
ducte
d in the oil-pro
ducing area as well as in the
down
dip brine aquifer. These tests assesse
d the feasibility, operation, an
d sensitivity of monitoring using a selection of tools in the va
dose zone, in the shallow groun
dwater, above the injection zone, an
d within the injection zone. Although each monitoring approach merits a separate,
detaile
d analysis, this paper assesses the success of the overall strategy for monitoring an
d presents an overview of conclusions from multiple
data sets.
Comparisons of modeled to observed reservoir response highlight the difficulties encountered in uniquely explaining measured pressure and fluid saturation measurements at interwell and field scales. Results of this study provide a cautionary note to regulatory and accreditation end users about the feasibility of obtaining unique and quantitative matches between fluid flow models and field measurements.