Linking 纬-aminobutyric acid A receptor to epidermal growth factor receptor pathways activation in human prostate cancer

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• 作者：Weijuan Wu ; Qing Yang ; Kar-Ming Fung ; Mitchell R. Humphreys ; Lacy S. Brame ; Amy Cao ; Yu-Ting Fang ; Pin-Tsen Shih ; Bradley P. Kropp ; Hsueh-Kung Lin
• 关键词：CNS ; central nervous system ; CRPC ; castration-resistant prostate cancer ; EGF ; epidermal growth factor ; EGFR ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; GABA ; 纬-aminobutyric acid ; GABAAR ; 纬-aminobutyric acid A receptor ; GAD ; glutamic acid decarboxylase ; MAPK ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; NE ; neuroendocrine ; PCa ; prostate cancer ; STAT ; signal transducers and activators of transcription
• 刊名：Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
• 出版年：5 March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：383
• 期：1-2
• 页码：69-79
• 全文大小：1909 K

文摘

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation has been attributed to the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Growth factor pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have been implicated in the development of NE features and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype. However, upstream molecules that regulate the growth factor pathway remain largely unknown. Using androgen-insensitive bone metastasis PC-3 cells and androgen-sensitive lymph node metastasis LNCaP cells derived from human prostate cancer (PCa) patients, we demonstrated that 纬-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABA_AR) ligand (GABA) and agonist (isoguvacine) stimulate cell proliferation, enhance EGF family members expression, and activate EGFR and a downstream signaling molecule, Src, in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Inclusion of a GABA_AR antagonist, picrotoxin, or an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gefitinib (ZD1839 or Iressa), blocked isoguvacine and GABA-stimulated cell growth, trans-phospohorylation of EGFR, and tyrosyl phosphorylation of Src in both PCa cell lines. Spatial distributions of GABA_AR 伪₁ and phosphorylated Src (Tyr416) were studied in human prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to extremely low or absence of GABA_AR 伪₁-positive immunoreactivity in normal prostate epithelium, elevated GABA_AR 伪₁ immunoreactivity was detected in prostate carcinomatous glands. Similarly, immunoreactivity of phospho-Src (Tyr416) was specifically localized and limited to the nucleoli of all invasive prostate carcinoma cells, but negative in normal tissues. Strong GABA_AR 伪₁ immunoreactivity was spatially adjacent to the neoplastic glands where strong phospho-Src (Tyr416)-positive immunoreactivity was demonstrated, but not in adjacent to normal glands. These results suggest that the GABA signaling is linked to the EGFR pathway and may work through autocrine or paracine mechanism to promote CRPC progression.