Hydrogeology, sequence stratigraphy and diagenesis in the Paleoproterozoic western Thelon Basin: Influences on unconformity-related uranium mineralization

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• 作者：Steve R. Beyer^a ; ^{beyer@geol.queensu.ca"" rel=""nofollow} ; Eric E. Hiatt^b ; Kurt Kyser^a ; Robert W. Dalrymple^a ; Chris Pettman^c
• 关键词：Thelon Basin ; Sequence stratigraphy ; Diagenesis ; Hydrogeology ; Unconformity-related U deposits
• 刊名：Precambrian Research
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：June 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：187
• 期：3-4
• 页码：293-312
• 全文大小：6025 K

文摘

The Paleoproterozoic (Statherian) Thelon Formation consists of unmetamorphosed sandstone and conglomerate that was deposited in the Thelon Basin, a continental basin in northern Canada. This study presents the first detailed sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the expansive and under-studied western Thelon Basin, and its relation to uranium mineralizing processes in the vicinity of the Boomerang Lake unconformity-related U prospect.

Four lithofacies comprise the Thelon Formation in the western Thelon Basin, consisting of breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, and minor mudstone. These are grouped into four facies associations that represent deposition in alluvial fans and braided fluvial streams. Three stratigraphic sequences were identified based on the recognition of widespread surfaces that mark significant periods of subaerial exposure or changes in depositional environment. These unconformity-bounded sequences are composite in nature and can be subdivided into six high-frequency sequences (HFS). Low-accommodation and high-accommodation systems tracts are delineated, instead of the traditional systems tracts that are linked to changes in relative sea level, as no marine deposits are recognized in the Thelon Formation.

Two significant strataform paleohydrogeological units were distinguished in the Thelon Formation, based on the relative timing of key diagenetic events such as compaction, grain dissolution, and cementation. Diagenetic aquicludes became isolated from basinal fluid flow due to stylolite-catalyzed early diagenetic quartz cementation, and occlusion of secondary intergranular macroporosity by kaolinite and muscovite, and minor dickite during later peak diagenesis. Diagenetic aquifers conducted U-bearing basinal fluids throughout diagenesis and are marked by an abundance of peak diagenetic dickite. Sequence stratigraphic correlation indicates that diagenetic aquicludes, which were not effective at conducting U-bearing basinal fluids, overlie the unconformity at the Boomerang Lake prospect and extend along the entire strike length of a related exploration trend. In contrast, thick diagenetic aquifers lie approximately 10 km to the north of the Boomerang Lake prospect along a different exploration trend.

The western and eastern portions of the Thelon Basin experienced depositional environments and diagenetic conditions distinct from one another, suggesting that they were separate sub-basins. The western Thelon Basin contains fewer of the well-cemented facies that compartmentalized basinal fluid flow than the eastern Thelon Basin, and contains a kaolin-dominated diagenetic mineral assemblage rather than a muscovite-dominated assemblage that is common in the eastern Thelon Basin. In these regards, the western Thelon Basin evolved more similarly to the eastern portion of the Athabasca Basin, where thick, regional, kaolin-rich diagenetic aquifers were fluid conduits for the movement of the U-rich fluids that formed high-grade unconformity-related U deposits.