Two fungi could co-grow and excrete both lignin-degrading enzymes and cellulase.
They could hydrolyze rice straw in situ and produce 22.74 g/L of reducing sugar.
Yeasts were co-immobilized in suitable microenvironment for ethanol fermentation.
The ethanol productivity of two co-immobilized yeasts reached up to 2.17 g/(L h).
The co-immobilized beads remained intact after 4 cycles of use.