Intracellular signaling and membrane trafficking control bidirectional growth cone guidance

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• 作者：Takuro Tojima
• 关键词：BDNF ; brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; cAMP ; cyclic AMP ; cGMP ; cyclic GMP ; CICR ; Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release ; CNGC ; cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel ; IP3 ; inositol 1 ; 4 ; 5-trisphosphate ; IICR ; IP3-induced Ca2+ release ; IP3R ; IP3 receptor ; MAG ; myelin-ass
• 刊名：Neuroscience Research
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：August, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：73
• 期：4
• 页码：269-274
• 全文大小：399 K

文摘

The formation of precise neuronal networks is critically dependent on the motility of axonal growth cones. Extracellular gradients of guidance cues evoke localized Ca²⁺ elevations to attract or repel the growth cone. Recent studies strongly suggest that the polarity of growth cone guidance, with respect to the localization of Ca²⁺ signals, is determined by Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the following manner: Ca²⁺ signals containing ER Ca²⁺ release cause growth cone attraction, while Ca²⁺ signals without ER Ca²⁺ release cause growth cone repulsion. Recent studies have also shown that exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking can drive growth cone attraction and repulsion, respectively, downstream of Ca²⁺ signals. Most likely, these two mechanisms underlie cue-induced axon guidance, in which a localized imbalance between exocytosis and endocytosis dictates bidirectional growth cone steering. In this Update Article, I summarize recent advances in growth cone research and propose that polarized membrane trafficking plays an instructive role to spatially localize steering machineries, such as cytoskeletal components and adhesion molecules.