A novel in vivo model for rapid evaluation of Aliivibrio salmonicida infectivity in Atlantic salmon
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- 作者：Alex ; er Kashulin ; Henning S酶rum
- 关键词：Cold-Water Vibriosis ; Aliivibrio (Vibrio) salmonicida ; Route of infection ; Immersion studies ; Skin as a major port of infection
- 刊名：Aquaculture
- 出版年：15 January, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：420-421
- 期：Complete
- 页码：112-118
- 全文大小：377 K
文摘
Cold-Water Vibriosis (CWV) is a well-known disease which significantly influences the aquaculture industry of the North Atlantic coasts (Egidius et al., 1981). Due to wide implementation of apparently effective vaccines in all farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) the phenomenon of CWV was not a research focus for nearly two decades (Lillehaug, 1990, 1991). Although prevented by vaccination since the 1980s, CWV was again reported in farmed, vaccinated Atlantic salmon in 2012 (Johansen, 2012). Since CWV emerged as a recognized infection in the early 1980s (Egidius et al., 1981; S酶rum et al., 1990), several attempts have been undertaken to identify the initial steps of the pathogenesis of CWV. However, no final explanation to how Aliivibrio (Vibrio) salmonicida enters the host has been reported. In this study, we present a novel and simple model for analyzing the initial steps of CWV. Our results demonstrate that initiation of CWV is more complex than was previously thought. In particular, A. (V.) salmonicida enters the host much faster than was anticipated. To identify the initial pathogenic steps in CWV, Atlantic salmon fry were differentially immersed in a suspension of A. (V.) salmonicida and the number of bacteria entering the host was measured. The putative roles of the gills, skin, rectal and oral routes as well as the role of the fin blood vessels as portals of infection were investigated. Bacterial counts were obtained from freshly collected blood samples, thus representing immediate snapshots of the early stages of host invasion. The results clearly indicated that skin was a major route of infection. The experimental design reported in this study provides a new, rapid and cost-effective model for studying CWV.