Mamestra brassicae larvae were exposed to heat stress (HS) and fungal infection. The HS altered larval physiology and reduced the efficacy of the fungi. Exposure to HS increased HSP 90, 70 and 60 levels in haemocytes and fat body. The HS also resulted in increases in haemocyte density and phagocytosis. HS-mediated induction of immune responses may contribute to increased survival after fungal infection.