Three steps of Biofilm formation were identified as Bacterial adhesion, Quorum sensing and Biofilm biomass formation.

Berberis aristata, Camellia sinensis, Holarrhena antidysenterica showed anti-adhesion, anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activity.

Molecular docking of phyto-ligands with Lux S and Pilin receptors also validated the findings.

An increased content of alkaloid and flavonoids with decreased content of tannins is responsible for biofilm inhibition.

Decrease in nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging activities are also directly linked to biofilm inhibition.