Novel study of behavior of nano additives at various injection strategies.
At advanced injection timing, ignition delay and CO2 reduces and there is an increase in combustion duration, HC, CO and NOx emissions.
At retarded injection timing, cylinder pressure and heat release occurs away from TDC.
Reductions in emissions of HC, CO, NOx and smoke were observed.
Nanoparticle combustion was effective in retarded injection timing as it reduces almost all the harmful pollutants.