Injection operation and operational pressure-temperature monitoring at the CO₂ storage pilot site Ketzin, Germany?aDesign, results, recommendations

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• 作者：Axel Liebscher^a ; ^{alieb@gfz-postdam.de} ; Fabian Mö ; ller^a ; Andreas Bannach^b ; Sebastian Kö ; hler^c ; Jü ; rgen Wiebach^d ; Cornelia Schmidt-Hattenberger^a ; Mikaela Weiner^a ; Carsten Pretschner^b ; Kay Ebert^b ; Jochen Zemke^c
• 关键词：CO2 storage ; Pilot site ; Ketzin ; Pressure&ndash ; temperature monitoring ; Injection operation
• 刊名：International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：July, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：15
• 期：Complete
• 页码：163-173
• 全文大小：3223 K

文摘

The Ketzin pilot site for geological storage of CO₂ in the German Federal State of Brandenburg about 25 km west of Berlin is the only German CO₂ storage site and has been the first European pilot site for on-shore storage of CO₂ in saline aquifers. Continuous injection of CO₂ started on June 30th, 2008, and a total of 61,396 t of CO₂ have been injected by September 2012. The injected CO₂ was predominantly food-grade with a purity > 99.9 % , only from May to June 2011, 1515 t CO₂ from the Schwarze Pumpe oxyfuel pilot plant with a purity of >99.7 % have been injected. The injection is accompanied by a comprehensive operational monitoring program. The program includes continuous measurements of flow rate, fill levels of intermediate storage tanks 1 and 2, outlet pressure and temperature for the injection plant, wellhead pressures (WHP) and casing pressures 1 and 2 for all wells, bottom hole pressure (BHP), bottom hole temperature (BHT) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) along the injection tubing for the injection well Ktzi 201, BHP for the two observation wells Ktzi 202 (from March 2010 to October 2011) and Ktzi 200 (since October 2011), and above-zone pressure monitoring in shallow observation well P300. This operational pressure-temperature monitoring successfully ensured and proved a safe, smooth and reliable injection operation. A vital part of the operational P-T data comes from the downhole P-T measurements, which are recommended for any CO₂ storage site. Without this downhole information, it would not have been possible to provide the complete picture of CO₂ injection. The recommended downhole installation design of P-T tools distinguishes CO₂ storage from the operational engineering of underground storage of natural gas, where BHP monitoring can be done via WHP recording. The DTS safety monitoring along the injection tubing supported typical operational processes as conditioning of the CO₂ and improvement of injection rate and injection temperature and will be beneficial to any CO₂ storage project. The above-zone pressure monitoring gives no hints to any hydraulic connection or CO₂ leakage through or failure of the cap rock.