- 作者：Katrin Zessel ; Siegrun Mohring ; Gerd Hamscher ; Manfred Kietzmann ; Jessica Stahl
- 关键词：DMSO ; dimethylsulfoxide ; HPLC ; high performance liquid chromatography ; PBS ; phosphate buffered saline ; RPMI ; Rosewell Park Memorial Institute ; PFP ; Pentafluorophenyl ; SA ; Sulfanilamide ; SCY ; Sulfachloropyridazine ; SDM ; Sulfadimethoxine ; SDZ ; Sulfadiazine ; SMPD ; Sulfamethoxypyridazine ; SMR ; Sulfamerazine ; SMX ; Sulfamethoxazole ; SMZ ; Sulfamethazine ; STZ ; Sulfathiazole
- 刊名：Chemosphere
- 出版年：April, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：100
- 期：Complete
- 页码：167-174
- 全文大小：1289 K
Background
This study assessed the photochemical fate of nine sulfonamides (sulfamerazine, sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadimethoxine) during a 6 h irradiation period with UVA/UVB-light and UVA-light and over 7 days under natural (sunlight) conditions. The cell growth inhibition effect and cytotoxicity of sulfonamides and their photodegradation products was investigated over 24 and 48 h with murine fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Antibacterial activity of the degradation products was studied using the Geobacillus stearothermophilus var. Calidolactis C953 assay.Results
UVA/UVB treatment of several sulfonamide solutions results in degradation of the compounds in different amounts with the highest degradation rate for sulfathiazole and sulfanilamide. The UVA/UVB light degradation products exhibit no antimicrobial activity. Sun light exposure over 7 days reveals a similar degradation pattern of the different sulfonamides, albeit to a different extent. Compared with UVA/UVB-irradiation, UVA-irradiated sulfonamides degrade to a lesser extent (except sulfamethazine). There was no impact on cell toxicity of the UVA/UVB-degrading products except for sulfanilamide, while a slight impact on cell proliferation was observed.
Conclusions
All studied sulfonamides undergo photodegradation under UV-light exposure to a greater or lesser extent. The degradation products have no cytotoxic potential except sulfanilamide and have a slight impact on cell proliferation. All degradation products showed no antibacterial activity. Thus, UV-light exposure seems to represent an adequate method for inactivating sulfonamides with regard to their antimicrobial activity.