Weed species structural and functional composition of okra fields and field periphery under different management intensities along the rural-urban gradient of two West African cities
Okra management reflected farmers socio-economic background. Strong relationship between gender and market orientation of okra cultivation. Soil fertility shaped weed species assemblages. Development of a distinct weed assemblage in urban high-input cultivation areas. Less entomophilous but more ornithochorous weeds on okra fields within urban areas.