In-situ modification of PVDF membrane during phase-inversion process using carbon nanosphere sol as coagulation bath for enhancing anti-fouling ability
Carbon nanosphere (CNS) sol was used as coagulation bath for preparing membrane. Modified membrane at CNS dosage of 400 mg/L showed the best antifouling behaviors. Long-term MBR tests confirmed the antifouling properties of modified membranes. Immobilized CNS (≤400 mg/L) had no significant release in the long-term operation.