Characterization of the deterioration of bone black in the 17^th century Oranjezaal paintings using electron-microscopic and micro-spectroscopic imaging techniques

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• 作者：van Loon ; Annelies ; Boon ; Jaap J.
• 关键词：Bone black ; Carbon black ; 17^th century oil paint ; Pigment deterioration ; Analytical imaging
• 刊名：Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
• 出版年：2004
• 出版时间：October 8, 2004
• 年：2004
• 卷：59
• 期：10-11
• 页码：1601-1609
• 全文大小：1.11 M

文摘

A whitish deterioration product was observed on the dark paint in a number of large-scale oil paintings that are part of the Oranjezaal interior decoration in the Royal Palace Huis ten Bosch (The Hague). The whitened areas of a painting by Pieter Soutman dating from 1648 were micro-sampled and compared with aaahealthyaaa black paint using different analytical imaging techniques. The dark paint was identified as bone black in linseed oil with a lead drier added. Microscopic images of the cross-section revealed a white top layer of 10aaa20 aam in the black paint layer. Imaging the cross-section surface with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and specular reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed homogeneous distributions of phosphate, phosphorus and calcium over the black and the white degraded bone black. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of calcium phosphate hydrate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂aaxH₂O), monetite (CaHPO₄) with possibly some poorly crystalline or amorphous hydroxyapatite (Ca₅(OH)(PO₄)₃₎. The EDX maps of lead and carbon, however, showed some discontinuity between the degraded and non-degraded bone black. There was an increase in the lead concentration in the white top layer, and a slight decrease of carbon. Transmission FTIR demonstrated that aromatic network polymers from the carbon black are markedly diminished in the white deterioration product.