Youth belonging and cognitive engagement in organized activities: A large-scale field study

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• 作者：Thomas Akiva ; Kai S. Cortina ; Jacquelynne S. Eccles ; Charles Smith
• 关键词：Youth development ; After-school ; Out-of-school time programs ; Youth engagement ; Belonging ; Hierarchical linear modeling
• 刊名：Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：September-October, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：34
• 期：5
• 页码：208-218
• 全文大小：598 K

文摘

Numerous studies of organized activities have found that participation is associated with a range of positive outcomes; however, findings from recent randomized trials have been more mixed. Understanding youth's psychological experiences of program involvement - their cognitive and emotional reaction to and participation in activities - may be key to understanding the influence of organized activities. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investigate correlates of youth belonging and cognitive engagement in a sample of 1160 youth in 123 program offerings in 66 sites. Results revealed that intensity (frequency) of exposure positively predicted belonging and cognitive engagement; however, duration was negatively associated with cognitive engagement. The staff practice of providing a welcoming atmosphere predicted belonging; whereas provision of active skill-building predicted cognitive engagement. These relations were found to vary across content type.