Cr(VI) detection: 5–300 μg L− 1 range; 0.8 μg L− 1 detection limit Sol-gel thin film electrodeposited over a carboxylated SWNT layer on GCE surface Sol-gel doped with 2-pyridinium to preconcentrate HCrO4− Lowering detection limit by three orders of magnitude through the use of SWNTs