A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bucaramanga, Colombia, from 2002 to 2006, including 144 patients at different stages of Chagas disease and 44 control patients. The potential enzyme activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in plasma samples were determined by gelatin zymography. Clinical data including T cruzi serology, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms were recorded for all patients.
Densitometric analysis of potential enzyme activities in plasma samples showed a significant increase of 72-kd MMP-2 (P < .001) and 92-kd MMP-9 (P < .001) in T cruzi seropositive patients compared with control subjects. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 showed significantly increased activity in patients with abnormal electrocardiogram (P < .004) and with dilated cardiomyopathy compared (P < .001) with controls. Analysis of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 results in relation to clinical data revealed that abnormal heart relaxation correlated positively with high MMP-2 levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (r = 0.75, P < .01).
Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 both appear to be useful biomarkers for detecting the advent and progression of cardiomyopathy in T cruzi-infected individuals.