Patterns of Emergency Department Use Among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents With Differing Levels of Dementia Severity

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• 作者：Michael A. LaMantia ; MD ; MPH^a ; ^b ; ^c ; ^{malamant@iu.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Kathleen A. Lane ; MS^d ; Wanzhu Tu ; PhD^d ; Jennifer L. Carnahan ; MD ; MPH^a ; ^b ; ^c ; Frank Messina ; MD^a ; Kathleen T. Unroe ; MD ; MHA^a ; ^b ; ^c
• 关键词：Nursing home ; emergency department ; transitions
• 刊名：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：1 June 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：17
• 期：6
• 页码：541-546
• 全文大小：263 K

文摘

To describe emergency department (ED) utilization among long-stay nursing home residents with different levels of dementia severity.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Public Health System.

Participants

A total of 4491 older adults (age 65 years and older) who were long-stay nursing home residents.

Measurements

Patient demographics, dementia severity, comorbidities, ED visits, ED disposition decisions, and discharge diagnoses.

Results

Forty-seven percent of all long-stay nursing home residents experienced at least 1 transfer to the ED over the course of a year. At their first ED transfer, 36.4% of the participants were admitted to the hospital, whereas 63.1% of those who visited the ED were not. The median time to first ED visit for the participants with advanced stage dementia was 258 days, whereas it was 250 days for the participants with early to moderate stage dementia and 202 days for the participants with no dementia (P = .0034). Multivariate proportional hazard modeling showed that age, race, number of comorbidities, number of hospitalizations in the year prior, and do not resuscitate status all significantly influenced participants’ time to first ED visit (P < .05 for all). After accounting for these effects, dementia severity (P = .66), years in nursing home before qualification (P = .46), and gender (P = .36) lost their significance.

Conclusions

This study confirms high rates of transfer of long-stay nursing home residents, with nearly one-half of the participants experiencing at least 1 ED visit over the course of a year. Although dementia severity is not a predictor of time to ED use in our analyses, other factors that influence ED use are readily identifiable. Nursing home providers should be aware of these factors when developing strategies that meet patient care goals and avoid transfer from the nursing home to the ED.