Sex-specific spatio-temporal variability in reproductive success promotes the evolution of sex-biased dispersal
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- 作者：Andreas Gros ; Hans Joachim Poethke ; Thomas Hovestadt
- 关键词：Sex-biased dispersal ; Demographic stochasticity ; Metapopulation ; Individual-based simulation ; Sex-specific competition
- 刊名：Theoretical Population Biology
- 出版年：2009
- 出版时间：August 2009
- 年：2009
- 卷：76
- 期：1
- 页码：13-18
- 全文大小：1320 K
文摘
Inbreeding depression, asymmetries in costs or benefits of dispersal, and the mating system have been identified as potential factors underlying the evolution of sex-biased dispersal. We use individual-based simulations to explore how the mating system and demographic stochasticity influence the evolution of sex-specific dispersal in a metapopulation with females competing over breeding sites, and males over mating opportunities. Comparison of simulation results for random mating with those for a harem system (locally, a single male sires all offspring) reveal that even extreme variance in local male reproductive success (extreme male competition) does not induce male-biased dispersal. The latter evolves if the between-patch variance in reproductive success is larger for males than females. This can emerge due to demographic stochasticity if the habitat patches are small. More generally, members of a group of individuals experiencing higher spatio-temporal variance in fitness expectations may evolve to disperse with greater probability than others.